The short answer is, "not much." In fact, a hard credit inquiry only drops your score by a few points, at the most, 5. So don't worry about those credit pulls mortgage lenders or mortgage apps request as part of their prequalification or quote process. Unless your credit score is very low to begin with, those few points aren't going to change anything.

In fact, according to Experian (one of the "big three" credit bureaus), "...hard inquiries related to mortgage, auto loan and student loan applications are entirely ignored for 30 days from the date of the inquiry."

And even after those 30 days, Experian states, "After those inquiries have aged past 30 days, they still may not be counted as independent inquiries by credit scoring models. That's because FICO^® considers similar loan-related inquiries that have occurred within 45 days of each other as a single inquiry in the scoring process."

So go ahead and get that quote, prequalification, or application started! You're good. 

Read more from Experian about how credit inquiries impact (or don't impact) your loan application/approval.

It’s simple—pay all your bills on time. 

Remember: You can’t improve your credit score dramatically in a short time. But responsible actions over time can result in a higher score. Also, keep your balances low on credit card and other revolving accounts. Routinely staying close to the limits on your cards will lower your score.

You'll receive your credit score when you request your free annual credit report from www.annualcreditreport.com or from any of the "big three" credit reporting agencies. 

The people at your credit union also may be able to provide you with your score and discuss it in relation to your overall credit picture.

Watch out! … If you search for "credit score" on the Internet, a lot of sites will pop up. Some are reputable, but many are not. Some sell packages of credit products that include not only credit scores but credit reports, credit monitoring services, and identity theft insurance. It’s possible that some searches may even lead you to scam artists who try to steal your personal information, such as your Social Security number and other identifying information. Stick with reputable sites such as the credit reporting agencies, Experian, transunion, and Equifax. 

Think of your credit report as a professor’s grade book—containing each individual assignment grade and when you turned it in—while your credit score is your overall grade for the class. 

Your credit report is a record of your bill-paying history, both positive and negative. It lists identifying information, employers, creditors and payment history, bankruptcies, judgments, liens, and lawsuits. 

According to FICO, if it does, it probably won’t drop much. 

When you apply for credit, the lender accesses your credit report, creating what is called an inquiry. Multiple inquiries in a short period of time typically are treated as a single inquiry and will have little impact on your credit score. For example, the score counts multiple auto or mortgage inquiries that fall in a typical shopping period as just one inquiry; older versions of the scoring formula count the shopping period as any 14-day span, and newer versions count the shopping period as any 45-day span. Each lender chooses the version of the FICO scoring formula it wants the credit reporting agency to use to calculate your credit score.

No. It’s a good idea to check your credit report regularly (www.annualcreditreport.com) for accuracy and for signs of fraud. In fact, maintaining an accurate credit report is part of responsible credit management. 

No. There are two main scoring systems: FICO (Fair Isaac Corp.) and VantageScore.

1.    A FICO score ranges from around 300 to 850. 
Typically, anything higher than around 760 is considered a good credit risk. The average FICO credit score is about 693 (according to http://www.experian.com in early 2010). 

2.    A VantageScore ranges from 501 to 990. 
It’s based on standard grades A to F (A = 901 to 990,  B = 801 to 900, 
C = 701 to 800,  D = 601 to 700, and  E = 501 to 600).
 
Be careful—the same score from the two systems may mean different things. For example, a score of 760 from FICO means you’re an excellent credit risk, but the same score from VantageScore gives you a grade of "C." So make sure you know which score (FICO or VantageScore) you’re viewing. 

No. Lenders may use FICO scores, create their own scoring models, or ask FICO to customize a scoring model for them. 

As a result, your credit score can vary by 30 points to 100 points between the three major credit reporting bureaus—Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. Why? Creditors may not report to all bureaus and the three credit bureaus weigh credit report information differently.

Fair Isaac Corp.  www.fico.com 
Experian  www.experian.com 
Equifax  http: www.equifax.com
TransUnion  www.transunion.com
Federal Trade Commission  www.ftc.gov/freereports
 

Fair Isaac has introduced the FICO Expansion Score, based on deposit account records, payday loan repayments, purchases made on payment plans, and other nontraditional data. This score helps people with little or no credit history generate a score based on their unique payment history. 

Five variables affect your score:
1.    Payment history (about 35% of your score). It answers the question, "Do you pay your bills on time?" If you’ve missed payments in the past, get current and stay current. The longer you pay your bills on time, the higher your score. 
2.    Amounts owed to creditors (about 30% of your score). It answers the question, "Do you owe a lot of money to a lot of people?" If you have high balances on credit cards that are close to their limits, your credit score will suffer. 
3.    Length of credit history (about 15% of your score). It answers the question, "How established is your credit history?" If you’re just starting out using credit, your score probably will be lower than someone who has a longer history of paying bills. 
4.    New credit (about 10% of your score). It answers the question, "Are you increasing your debt load?" A flurry of activity and inquiries on your credit report raises suspicion. 
5.    Types of credit in use (about 10% of your score). It answers the question, "Do you have a "healthy mix" of credit?" A healthy mix may include a mortgage, a credit card or two, a personal loan such as a car loan, and perhaps a retail card.

It’s a number that represents how likely you are to repay a debt based on your credit report. The higher the number the better, and your score will change over time depending on a number of factors. Consistently paying your bills on time is the key to having a high credit score. Pay late and your score could suffer.

A FICO score is a type of credit score developed by Fair Isaac Corporation to determine how likely you are to pay your bills on time. 

A FICO score of 720 or higher typically means your credit risk to a lender or business is low. However, in light of the economic downturn, a score of at least 760 may be needed for the best rates on loans and new credit cards. 

A FICO score in the range of 660 to 759 is still acceptable to most lenders but your interest rate may be higher. 

A FICO score in the range of 620 to 659 indicates you’re at higher risk of defaulting on a loan based on your credit history. 

If your FICO score is less than 619, you’re generally considered a very high risk for default. You’ll either be denied credit, or you’ll have a much higher interest rate than if you had a higher credit score.

Lenders, primarily. But other users include landlords, cell phone companies, insurance companies, and other businesses. Why? Businesses want to know if you’ll pay their bills on time before handing you the keys to an apartment or before you use their cell phone service. They evaluate not only your creditworthiness but your financial responsibility in general. 

Potential employers may also check your credit score and payment history as part of the hiring process. Some positions require you to be responsible for certain assets or to handle money. If they discover that you don’t pay your bills on time, they may decide you aren’t financially responsible and you may not get the job! By law, potential employers have to tell you they are going to check your credit report and must get your written permission.

Your credit score affects a lot of important things, from finding a job to whether a lender will offer you a loan. So, understanding the basics about credit scores is a good idea.

Understanding or not understanding your credit score could save—or cost—you thousands of dollars or more.